Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on care of Mentally Challenged children among Caretakers Working in Selected special Schools for Mentally Challenged children in Selected Districts of Gujarat State

 

Dr. Jayesh Patidar¹, Nehal Gameti²

¹Vice Principal Cum HOD Of Mental Health Nursing, Joitiba College of Nursing, Bhandu, Dist: Mehsana

²Second Year M. Sc Nursing Student, Joitiba College of Nursing, Bhandu, Dist: Mehsana

 

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND: Mental retardation is a challenge not only to any nation, but also to the entire human race. Mental retardation has long been a problem in modern society. Nearly 83 million of world’s population is estimated to be mentally retarded. Among them, 41 million are having long-term of permanent disabilities. One in four families is likely to have at least one member with the behavioral or mental disorder Mental retardation is a highly disabling condition. Over all in general population 2-3 percent children are mentally retarded about ¾ of the total cases are only mild type and 5% are having severe profound Mental Retardation. OBJECTIVE: 1. To assess the knowledge of the caretakers regarding care of mentally challenged children. 2. To assess the attitude of the caretakers towards care of mentally challenged children.3. To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge of the caretakers regarding care of mentally challenged children.4. To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on attitude of the caretakers towards care of mentally challenged children5. To correlate the knowledge and attitude of the caretakers regarding care of mentally challenged children 6. To find out association of the knowledge of the caretakers with their selected demographic variables. 7. To find out association of the attitude of the caretakers with their selected demographic variables. DESIGN: A quantitative approach using pre experimental pre-test post-test design with one group. PARTICIPANTS: 60 caretakers were selected using Non-Probability Convenient sampling technique in selected districts of Gujarat state. INTERVENTIONS: Planned teaching programme was given to the caretakers. TOOL: Self Structured Questionnaire and Summated Liker’s scale was used to assess the knowledge and attitude of caretakers regarding care of mentally challenged children. RESULTS: In this study over all the highest percentage in the demographic data including the Age group 46.66% (26-36y), Education status 46.66% (Secondary), Gender 61.66% (Female), Years of working experience 51.66% (Less than 5), Source of information 46.66% (Books& magazines). The post-test knowledge mean score (17.76±3.42) was higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score (8.91±2.06) and post-test attitude mean score (59.01±9.79) was higher than the mean pre-test attitude score (52.13±11.25) . The calculated ‘t’ value (32.31) and (8.89) was greater than the table value (2.00) at 0.05 level of significance. The planned teaching programme was effective in increasing the knowledge of caretakers and change the attitude regarding care of mentally challenged children. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study revealed that planned teaching programme helps in improving knowledge and change the attitude regarding care of mentally challenged children among caretakers.

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Mental retardation is defined by the American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) as “significantly sub average intellectual functioning existing concurrently with related limitations in two or more of the following applicable adaptive skill areas: communication, self-care, home living, social skills, community use, self-direction, health and safety, functional academics, leisure and work,” with such limitations manifested “before age 18.¹

 

The World Bank report on Disability in India (2007) gives the percentage of Disabled People at 4-8%, around 40-90 millions individuals. It is a shocking and alarming fact that approximately 2.5 to 3% of the total population are mentally retarded which in most cases is a livelong condition. At the global level, the last 100 years have seen a greater scientific understanding of people with Mental retardation. It is one of the most common disabilities occurring in childhood.²

 

World Health Organization estimates that Community-based surveys conducted during the past two decades in India showed that the total prevalence of psychiatric disorder was around 5.8%. 10% of the world's population has some form of mental disability and 1% suffers from severe incapacitating mental disorders.³

 

Every children born in the world has the ability and right to live independently and freely. But the children for the 2/4 of the total population have many problems faced physically, mentally socially and over all problems. Even with the entire problematic situation the child is able to adapt to the situation and able to cope up and live in this situation surrounding them is important.

 

OBJECTIVES:

1.    To assess the knowledge of the caretakers regarding care of mentally challenged children.

2.    To assess the attitude of the caretakers towards care of mentally challenged children.

3.    To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge of the caretakers regarding care of mentally challenged children.

4.    To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on attitude of the caretakers towards care of mentally challenged children.

5.    To correlate the knowledge and attitude of the caretakers regarding care of mentally challenged children.

6.    To find out association of the knowledge of the caretakers with their selected demographic variables.

7.    To find out association of the attitude of the caretakers with their selected demographic variables.

 

HYPOTHESIS:

H01–  There will be no significant difference between the knowledge of mentally challenged children among care takers.

H02-  There will be no significant difference between the attitude of mentally challenged children among care takers.

H1-     There will be significant difference between the knowledge of mentally challenged children among care takers.

H2-     There will be significant difference between the attitude of mentally challenged children among care takers.

 

MATERIAL AND METHOD:

A Pre experimental one group pretest post-test research design and quantitative research approach was used to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching on knowledge and attitude regarding care of mentally challenged children among caretakers. Purposive convenient sampling technique were used. A structured questionnaire for assessing the knowledge and summated Likert’s scale to assess the attitude regarding care of mentally challenged children. A structured questionnaire comprising of 25 questions related to care of mentally challenged was prepared to assess the knowledge of caretakers.

 

A summated Likert’s scale consisting 16 items was prepared to assess the attitude of caretakers regarding mentally challenged children.

 

MAJOR FINDINGS:

In this study overall the highest percentage in the demographic data including the Age group 46.66% (26-36y), Education status 46.66% (Secondary), Gender 61.66% (Female), Years of working experience 51.66% (Less than 5), Source of information 46.66% (Books and magazines).

 

The post-test knowledge mean score (17.76±3.42) was higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score (8.91±2.06) and post-test attitude mean score (59.01±9.79) was higher than the mean pre-test attitude score (52.13±11.25). The calculated ‘t’ value (32.31) and (8.89) was greater than the table value (2.00) at 0.05 level of significance. The planned teaching programme was effective in increasing the knowledge of caretakers and change the attitude Regarding mentally challenged children.

 

CONCLUSION:

The major conclusion drawn from this study was that planned teaching programme found to be effective in improving the knowledge and change the attitude of caretakers regarding care of mentally challenged children.

REFERENCE:

1.       Mental R. and developmental Environmental Health Perspectives-NIHhttps://ehp.niehs.nih.gov>uploads

2.       New World Bank Report Finds People With Disabilities among the Most Excluded in Indian Society. New Delhi, November 20, 2007. Available from URL: http://wecando.wordpress.com/ 2007/12/01/paper-news-world-bank-report-on-disabled-in-india/

3.       S. Ganesh Kumar. Prevalence and pattern of mental disability using Indian disability evaluation assessment scale in a rural community of Karnataka. Indian J Psychiatry. 2008 Jan-Mar; 50 (1): 21–23. Available from URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2745873/

 

 

Received on 20.08.2018       Modified on 11.09.2018

Accepted on 18.10.2018       ©A&V Publications All right reserved